2/1/2024 0 Comments Radar in motion indiana![]() LORAN-Low frequency radio hyperbolic navigation system, no longer in use.Terrestrial radio-based navigation systems largely superseded by satellite systems.Global positioning system (GPS)-by entering waypoints internally, able to navigate at a more precise level.On the surface or at periscope depth, submarines have used these methods to fix their position: From the 1960s to the 1990s, Transit satellites and LORAN shore stations provided those signals. To maintain accuracy, the submarine must periodically update its position using outside navigational radio signals. Because it does not rely on radio signals or celestial sightings, it allows the boat to navigate while remaining hidden under the surface. Submarines carry an inertial navigation system, which measures the boat’s motion and constantly updates position. Surfaced submarines entering and leaving port navigate similarly to traditional ships but with a few extra considerations because most of the boat rides below the waterline, making them hard for other vessels to see and identify. Submarines can raise various antenna masts, radar masts and periscopes to facilitate communications and navigation Navigational technologies Antenna masts and antenna-equipped periscopes can be raised to obtain navigational signals but in areas of heavy surveillance, only for a few seconds or minutes current radar technology can detect even a slender periscope while submarine shadows may be plainly visible from the air. Surfacing to obtain navigational fixes is precluded by pervasive anti-submarine warfare detection systems such as radar and satellite surveillance. Operating in stealth mode, they cannot use their active sonar systems to ping ahead for underwater hazards such as undersea mountains, drilling rigs or other submarines. Military submarines travel underwater in an environment of total darkness with neither windows nor lights. ![]() The challenges of underwater navigation have become more important as submarines spend more time underwater, travelling greater distances and at higher speed. Submarine navigation underwater requires special skills and technologies not needed by surface ships. For underwater navigation by divers, see Underwater navigation.
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